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 Proto-Turkic Altaic etymology Meaning Russian meaning Old Turkic Karakhanid Turkish Tatar Middle Turkic Uzbek Uighur Sary-Yughur Azerbaidzhan Turkmen Khakassian Shor Oyrat Halaj Chuvash Yakut Dolgan Tuva Tofalar Kirghiz Kazakh Noghai Bashkir Balkar Gagauz Karaim Karakalpak Salar Kumyk Comments
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kurman, *Kurug-lukface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"bow-case, quiverface="Times New Roman Star"футляр для лука, колчан
face="Times New Roman Star"qurman, qurug|luq (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"koruluk
face="Times New Roman Star"qurman (Ettuhf.)face="Times New Roman Star"qurma 'wooden vessel'



face="Times New Roman Star"xurlux
face="Times New Roman Star"qurluq















face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 657, 660 (hardly from Pers. qurba:n, but rather vice versa), ЭСТЯ 6, 163, 164.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ku"meface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"dug-out, hutface="Times New Roman Star"землянка, хижина

face="Times New Roman Star"ku"mu"ldu", dial. ku"me





face="Times New Roman Star"ku"me


















face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 308. An exclusively Oghuz word; traditionally derived from Pers. kuma 'stack, hut' (see Лексика 499), but a reverse direction of borrowing cannot be excluded. Cf. perhaps Karakh. (MK) ku"mi 'name of a town on the Uyghur border' (?).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kapyrc?ak, *Kapsakface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 box, coffin 2 basketface="Times New Roman Star"1 ящик, гроб 2 корзина
face="Times New Roman Star"qapyrc?aq 1,2 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"koburc?uk, dial. kapurz?|ak 1, dial. kabzak, kabsak 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qabyrc?aq (IM), qaburc?uq (AH)



face="Times New Roman Star"Gapyrz?|aq 1



face="Times New Roman Star"> Hung. koporso/ 1 (see Gombocz 1912)













face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 587, ЭСТЯ 5, 276-278. Tekin (1979, 127) cites Uygh. qapyz 'coffin', but we were unable to find the word either in Old or Mod. Uyghur. Perhaps he meant Karakh. xafsy 'small box' (MK, see EDT 587). Brockelmann derived the word from Lat. capsa through Syr. qafsa:, but a loan in Turkic < Syr. is not quite probable, and the word might well be genuine. But modern forms: Tur. dial. kapsa 'box, chest', (CCum.) qapsa 'box, coffin' may well be < Syr. (cf. ЭСТЯ 5, 277).
face="Times New Roman Star"*ko"peface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 coat of mail 2 ring of mail 3 earring 4 overcoat 5 saddle-pad for a camel 6 film of egg, exuviae 7 a k. of cloth or carpetface="Times New Roman Star"1 кольчуга 2 кольцо кольчуги 3 серьга 4 плащ, пальто 5 верблюжье седло 6 пленка яйца, сброшенная кожа 7 вид ткани или ковра
face="Times New Roman Star"ku"pe 1, 2, 3, ku"pik (MK) 4, ko"pc?u"k (MK) 5, ko"psu"n 'mattress' (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"ku"pe 3, kepeneg, ko"penek 4, ko"pen 7face="Times New Roman Star"ku"pme| 'mattress'face="Times New Roman Star"ko"pen (ku"pen) 5




face="Times New Roman Star"ko"bo"n 'mattress'


face="Times New Roman Star"k@w|be 6



face="Times New Roman Star"ku"pu" 'шуба из меха медвежонка'face="Times New Roman Star"ko"ps?ik 'pillow'
face="Times New Roman Star"ku"pme| 'mattress'





face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 687, 688, 689, ЭСТЯ 5, 48-49, 108 (Tur. ko"pen being attributed here to a quite different root, see under *ko"p- 'to swell, foam'), 114-115, 129-130, TMN 3, 581-583. The above forms are hard to separate, and Doerfer's point of view that ko"penek is secondarily < kepenek is probably faulty (even though ko"penek is attested later: ko"pen is certainly attested earlier, and an assimilative delabialization *ko"penek > kepenek seems quite plausible). The Chuvash form shows that the original meaning of the root must have been 'transparent covering, film', whence 'coat of mail' etc. Turk. > Mong. kebeneg 'saddle-cloth, shirt', Hung. ko"po"nyeg 'raincoat' (Gombocz 1912).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kod-, *Kodur-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to take trouble, make efforts 2 to overpowerface="Times New Roman Star"1 прилагать усилия 2 осиливать, одолевать
face="Times New Roman Star"qod|ur- (MK) 1












face="Times New Roman Star"xot- 2face="Times New Roman Star"kot- 2











face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 605; Stachowski 154 (but, because of semantic difference, hardly to *Kod- 'put aside').
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyr/-, *Kyrguj, *Kyraganface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 hawk, falcon 2 faultless (of a bird of prey)face="Times New Roman Star"1 ястреб, сокол 2 ловкий, бьющий без промаха (о ловчей птице)
face="Times New Roman Star"qyrg|uj 1 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"kyrg|aj, kyrg|y 1, kuran (dial.) 'hawk', kyrkaw (dial., R.) 'a k. of hawk'face="Times New Roman Star"qyrg|yj 1 (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"qirg|u (Pav. C.), qyrg|y (Ettuhf.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"qirg|ij 1, qiro|nqara 'орел-могильник'face="Times New Roman Star"g|urg|uj, qarg|aj 1 (dial.)
face="Times New Roman Star"Gyrg|y 1face="Times New Roman Star"Gyrg|y 1face="Times New Roman Star"xyza 1, xyrg|yjax 'young hawk'


face="Times New Roman Star"x@rxi 1, x@re|n 'kite'face="Times New Roman Star"kyrbyj 'серый сокол, сокол-чеглок, ястреб' (?)


face="Times New Roman Star"qyra:n, qyran 1, 2, qyrg|yj, qyjg|yr 1, qyrg|yjek 'young hawk'face="Times New Roman Star"qyran 2, qyrg|yj 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qyjg|yr (dial.) 1

face="Times New Roman Star"qyrg|yj, qyrqyn, qyrxyn 1face="Times New Roman Star"qyran 2, qyrg|yj 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qyrg|yj 1face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 266, 269, EDT 654-655, ЭСТЯ 6, 231, 232-235. Turk. *Kyrguj 'falcon' > Mong. kirg|ui, see Щербак 1997, 139.
face="Times New Roman Star"*gu":l-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to tether, bind feetface="Times New Roman Star"привязывать, спутывать ноги
face="Times New Roman Star"ku"l-tu"r- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"gu"lu"- (dial.)



face="Times New Roman Star"k'ul-
face="Times New Roman Star"gu"jl-

face="Times New Roman Star"ku"l-



face="Times New Roman Star"xu"lu"-










face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 308, EDT 717 (incorrectly to ku"l- 'harness'), ЭСТЯ 3, 95-96.
face="Times New Roman Star"*enu"k ( ? *u"nek)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"young of a wild animal, puppyface="Times New Roman Star"детеныш дикого животного, щенокface="Times New Roman Star"enu"k (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"enu"k (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"enik, enz?|ek
face="Times New Roman Star"enu"k (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"enu"k (Chag.)

face="Times New Roman Star"a"nix (dial.)

face="Times New Roman Star"u"neges?face="Times New Roman Star"u"neges?
face="Times New Roman Star"anz?|ъkface="Times New Roman Star"u"nu"gesface="Times New Roman Star"u"nu"gesface="Times New Roman Star"enik





face="Times New Roman Star"jenik



face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 183, VEWT 44, ЭСТЯ 1, 281-283, Егоров 29, Stachowski 251.
face="Times New Roman Star"*o"j (?)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"time, ageface="Times New Roman Star"время, возраст














face="Times New Roman Star"o"ju":n (dial.)
face="Times New Roman Star"o"j










face="Times New Roman Star"ОСНЯ 1, 242. The form is poorly attested and rather dubious (the Tuva form may be < Oyr. o"j < PT *o"d q. v. sub *odi).
face="Times New Roman Star"*dan|-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to bind togetherface="Times New Roman Star"связывать
face="Times New Roman Star"tan|- (MK)

face="Times New Roman Star"tan|- (Abush., Sangl.)

face="Times New Roman Star"tan|-
face="Times New Roman Star"dan|-

face="Times New Roman Star"tan|-

face="Times New Roman Star"tan|-face="Times New Roman Star"tan|- 'to put on'face="Times New Roman Star"don|-na-
face="Times New Roman Star"tan|-face="Times New Roman Star"tan|-




face="Times New Roman Star"tan|-

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 461, EDT 514, ЭСТЯ 3, 145-146, Stachowski 216. Turk. > Kalm. tan- 'to plait, knot'.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bAnuface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"wild catface="Times New Roman Star"дикая кошкаface="Times New Roman Star"manu (OUygh.)

face="Times New Roman Star"manul












face="Times New Roman Star"many










face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 767. Turk. > Kalm. manl, Dag. manu: (Тод. Даг. 153) (probably contaminated with Mong. proper malur < *malul q. v. sub *ma/l/e). Uygh. molun 'wild cat' may be a mongolism.
face="Times New Roman Star"*utyr/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"otterface="Times New Roman Star"выдра













face="Times New Roman Star"ъw|dъw|rface="Times New Roman Star"ytyy












face="Times New Roman Star"Мудрак Дисс. 145. See under *Ka.ma a discussion of other possible traces of this root.
face="Times New Roman Star"*K(i)an|face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"fatherface="Times New Roman Star"отецface="Times New Roman Star"qan| (Orkh., Yeniss., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qan|das? 'half-brother, son of the same father and a different mother' (MK), qan|syq ata 'step-father' (MK)


























face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 232, EDT 630, 635, 640, ЭСТЯ 5, 258.
face="Times New Roman Star"*TEpir/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"envyface="Times New Roman Star"зависть
face="Times New Roman Star"tepiz, tepze- 'to envy' (MK, KB)


























face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 448.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ergeface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 part of the yurt close to the door 2 threshhold 3 stairsface="Times New Roman Star"1 часть юрты рядом с дверью 2 порог 3 лестница



face="Times New Roman Star"irgene 'smth. belonging to the tent' (Sangl.)




face="Times New Roman Star"irk@n 2
face="Times New Roman Star"irge 2
face="Times New Roman Star"argъ `lap'face="Times New Roman Star"ergene, ergine 3


face="Times New Roman Star"ergilc?ek 1face="Times New Roman Star"erge, irge 1







face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 47, Федотов 1, 56-57.
face="Times New Roman Star"*to:j-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to singface="Times New Roman Star"петь

face="Times New Roman Star"tujuq (Osm.)
face="Times New Roman Star"tujuq 'a verse metre'
face="Times New Roman Star"tujuq 'rhymed verse'







face="Times New Roman Star"tuoj- 'to sing, chant', tojuk 'improvised song'












face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 568.
face="Times New Roman Star"*en|ir-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to spin 2 to surroundface="Times New Roman Star"1 крутить 2 окружатьface="Times New Roman Star"en|ir- (OUygh.) 1


face="Times New Roman Star"en|ir- (Буд.) 2











face="Times New Roman Star"e:r- 1










face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 113, VEWT 37.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jac?an-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"be ashamed, embarrassedface="Times New Roman Star"стыдиться, смущаться
face="Times New Roman Star"jac?an- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"(Osm.) jac?an-
face="Times New Roman Star"jac?an- (CCum.)








face="Times New Roman Star"s/u"z/en- 'to be shocked'













face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 882, VEWT 176, (incorrectly) Федотов 2, 151.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jok-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 up, above 2 hill, elevationface="Times New Roman Star"1 вверх, наверх 2 возвышенность, подъемface="Times New Roman Star"joqaru 1 (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"joqaru 1, joq 2 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"jukary 1, jokus? 2face="Times New Roman Star"jug|ary 1face="Times New Roman Star"joqaru (AH), juqar (Pav. C.) 1, joqus? (AH, Ettuhf.)face="Times New Roman Star"juqo|ri 1face="Times New Roman Star"juqari 1
face="Times New Roman Star"juxary, dial. uxary 1, joxus? 2face="Times New Roman Star"joqary 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?og|ar 1

face="Times New Roman Star"juqqar 1
face="Times New Roman Star"sog|oru, sog|uru: 'South; centre'face="Times New Roman Star"soguru: 'South'

face="Times New Roman Star"z?|og|or(u) 1face="Times New Roman Star"z?og|ary 1
face="Times New Roman Star"jug|ary 1face="Times New Roman Star"og|ary 1face="Times New Roman Star"juqar(y) 1face="Times New Roman Star"jog|ary 1, joqus?, joqys? 2face="Times New Roman Star"z?oqary 1

face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 896, 906, ЭСТЯ 4, 213-214, 215, Stachowski 211.
face="Times New Roman Star"*juba-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to be comforted, consoled, entertained 2 to comfort, entertainface="Times New Roman Star"1 утешаться, забавляться 2 утешать, развлекать

face="Times New Roman Star"juwat- (dial.) 2face="Times New Roman Star"juwan- 1face="Times New Roman Star"z?|uwat- 2 (R)face="Times New Roman Star"juwan- (dial.) 1















face="Times New Roman Star"jywan- 1

face="Times New Roman Star"juwan-, juwun- 1, juwut- 2


face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 4, 240. Some forms, like Kum. jyban-, Uzb. jupan- reflect rather *jupa-; the variation of *-b- and *-p- is not quite clear in this root.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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